fermion
/ˈfɜːmɪɒn/
Frequency: Zipf frequency 2.05 in modern English
Meaning
noun
Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;
noun
Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark; (slightly more loosely) any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions.
Example Sentences
- "The fermions treated by the Standard Model are the (composite) baryons and the (elementary) leptons and quarks."
- "According to the spin–statistics theorem, the wavefunction of a system of identical fermions (particles of half-integer spin) is antisymmetric under the operation of swapping any two particles."
- "A remarkable feature of lattice regularization is the appearance of several fermion species per fermion field in the lattice action."
- "For 2D systems, going beyond first order pertu[r]bative calculations, we show that the second harmonic of the current is strongly suppressed in the case of spinless fermion models but significantly enhanced for the Hubbard model."
- "It is not known whether the Higgs mechanism is the true source for the masses of the fundamental fermions."
- "The snapshots were taken by MIT physicists and are the first images that directly capture the pairing of fermions — a major class of particles that includes electrons, as well as protons, neutrons, and certain types of atoms."